C++ Program to Bitwise AND, OR, XOR Operations with Explanation
C++
Medium
Operators
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1 min read
192 words
This problem helps you practice core C++ fundamentals in a practical way. It builds intuition around bitwise, xor, operation. Let’s break it down step by step so you can implement it confidently.
Problem Statement
Perform bitwise operations on numbers.
Real Life: Used in low-level programming, flags, permissions.
Input Format
Two integers a and b.
Output Format
Result of bitwise operations:
• AND
• OR
• XOR
• NOT
Constraints
• Integer values
• Use bitwise operators only
Concept Explanation
Bitwise operations work bit by bit on binary representation of numbers.
They are used in low-level programming, flags, and permissions.
Binary values:
• 5 = 0101
• 3 = 0011
Step-by-Step Logic
1.Bitwise AND (&)
• Compares bits, result is 1 only if both bits are 1.
• 5 & 3 = 0001 → 1
2. Bitwise OR (|)
• Result is 1 if any bit is 1.
• 5 | 3 = 0111 → 7
3. Bitwise XOR (^)
• Result is 1 if bits are different.
• 5 ^ 3 = 0110 → 6
4. Bitwise NOT (~)
• Flips all bits.
• ~5 = -6 (two’s complement representation)
Code Solution
This explanation is written for learning purposes and to help beginners understand the concept clearly.
void operator_q6_bitwise() {
int a = 12; // Binary: 1100
int b = 10; // Binary: 1010
cout << "a = " << a << " (binary: 1100)" << endl;
cout << "b = " << b << " (binary: 1010)" << endl;
cout << "a & b (AND): " << (a & b) << endl; // 1000 = 8
cout << "a | b (OR): " << (a | b) << endl; // 1110 = 14
cout << "a ^ b (XOR): " << (a ^ b) << endl; // 0110 = 6
}
Output Example
Output:
AND = 1
OR = 7
XOR = 6
NOT a = -6
Common Mistakes
- Misreading input/output format.
- Not handling constraints and edge cases.
- Off-by-one errors in loops.
- Forgetting to reset variables between test cases (if any).
Solution Guide
Problem
Perform bitwise operations on numbers.
Real Life: Used in low-level programming, flags, permissions.
Input / Output
Input
Two integers a and b.
Output
Result of bitwise operations:
• AND
• OR
• XOR
• NOT
Constraints
• Integer values
• Use bitwise operators only
Examples
Output:
AND = 1
OR = 7
XOR = 6
NOT a = -6
Explanation
Concept Explanation
Bitwise operations work bit by bit on binary representation of numbers.
They are used in low-level programming, flags, and permissions.
Binary values:
• 5 = 0101
• 3 = 0011
Step-by-Step Explanation
1.Bitwise AND (&)
• Compares bits, result is 1 only if both bits are 1.
• 5 & 3 = 0001 → 1
2. Bitwise OR (|)
• Result is 1 if any bit is 1.
• 5 | 3 = 0111 → 7
3. Bitwise XOR (^)
• Result is 1 if bits are different.
• 5 ^ 3 = 0110 → 6
4. Bitwise NOT (~)
• Flips all bits.
• ~5 = -6 (two’s complement representation)
Details
Common Mistakes
- Misreading input/output format.
- Not handling constraints and edge cases.
- Off-by-one errors in loops.
- Forgetting to reset variables between test cases (if any).
Official Solution
void operator_q6_bitwise() {
int a = 12; // Binary: 1100
int b = 10; // Binary: 1010
cout << "a = " << a << " (binary: 1100)" << endl;
cout << "b = " << b << " (binary: 1010)" << endl;
cout << "a & b (AND): " << (a & b) << endl; // 1000 = 8
cout << "a | b (OR): " << (a | b) << endl; // 1110 = 14
cout << "a ^ b (XOR): " << (a ^ b) << endl; // 0110 = 6
}
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